Organization of International E-Commerce Logistics in Azerbaijan and Analysis of the Last-Mile Delivery Model.

This article analyzes the organizational principles of international e-commerce logistics in Azerbaijan and the functional features of the last-mile delivery model. The study explains the integration of border crossing, customs clearance, warehousing, and distribution stages in the formation of e-commerce flows. It is argued that the last-mile stage is the part that has the greatest impact on delivery costs and service quality. Problems such as traffic jams in urban environments, address system inequity, order collection during peak hours, and courier resource planning are assessed. The article compares the advantages and disadvantages of postal networks, private courier services, and hybrid delivery approaches. The potential for the application of solutions such as digital tracking, route optimization, and micro-distribution centers is shown. As a result, parallel development of infrastructure, data exchange, and service standards is recommended to increase the efficiency of the last mile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]