JOURNAL ARTICLE

Bureaucratic Corruption and Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparative Case-Study of Cameroon and Botswana.

  • Published In: Journal of Asian & African Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.), 2026, v. 61, n. 2. P. 1460 1 of 3

  • Database: Academic Search Ultimate 2 of 3

  • Authored By: Fon, Nguh Nwei Asanga 3 of 3

Abstract

This article examines the impact of bureaucratic corruption on human development through a comparative case study of two Sub-Saharan African countries: Cameroon and Botswana. Employing the principal–agent theory and the principal–agent–client (PAC) model, the study uses quantitative and qualitative data from 2000 to 2020 to analyze corruption's manifestation and its correlation with human development indicators. Findings reveal a strong positive correlation between low corruption levels and higher human development in Botswana, contrasted with high corruption and lower human development in Cameroon. The paper highlights differences in corruption prevalence, causes, and anti-corruption efforts between the two countries, concluding that bureaucratic corruption adversely affects human development and recommending strengthened institutional frameworks, transparency, civic engagement, and legal reforms to combat corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Additional Information

  • Source:Journal of Asian & African Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.). 2026/03, Vol. 61, Issue 2, p1460
  • Document Type:Article
  • Subject Area:Geography and Cartography
  • Publication Date:2026
  • ISSN:0021-9096
  • DOI:10.1177/00219096251318233
  • Accession Number:192177514
  • Copyright Statement:Copyright of Journal of Asian & African Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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