Role of Local Stakeholders in Preserving Urban Lake Ecosystem Services.

The high vulnerability to environmental degradation in urban lakes requires serious management efforts. Involvement of various stakeholder components in urban lake management is urgently needed, including local stakeholders. This study aimed to see the influence of the role of local stakeholders (community and government) in preserving urban lake ecosystem services. Three lakes in Jakarta Indonesia with different surrounding landscape characteristics - Situ Babakan Lake (SBL), Srengseng Urban Forest Lake (SUFL), and South Sunter Lake (SSL) - were selected to see the local stakeholder's role in various ecosystem services such as fish provision, water quality regulation, local cultural preservation, and tree biodiversity support. Ecosystem services analysis was measured using various methods such as fish production potential, water quality index, total local cultural elements, and the Shannon-Wiener index. Meanwhile, observations of local community traditions and lifestyles, as well as interviews were used to measure stakeholder's influence on ecosystem services. The analysis shows that SBL, a lake surrounded by a cultural preservation area, had the best ecosystem service conditions among other locations. Fish provisioning services in SBL had the highest production potential (2.99 tons/yr), followed by SSL (1.33 tons/yr) and SUFL (0.17 tons/yr). The highest value of water quality regulating was also found in SBL (53.6), followed by SUFL (48) and SSL (44.8). SBL also preserved the most cultural elements (10 from 12), followed by SUFL (7 from 12) and SSL (6 from 12). Tree biodiversity index had varied values in SBL (4.23), SUFL (2.81), and SSL (1.85). Cultural preserved area triggers local stakeholders to manage the area intensively because of the high importance in social, environmental, and economic value. However, government-dominated management shows the unpreparedness of research locations in adopting community-based tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]