Policy framework that addresses malnutrition in Namibia: A retrospective qualitative review.

This article reviews the extent to which food and nutrition-related policies in Namibia address malnutrition by analyzing policy frameworks from 1991 to 2022 using the policy triangle framework, which considers contextual factors, actors, content, and processes. It finds that Namibia has relevant and comprehensive multi-sectoral policies, including the Food and Nutrition Security Policy (FNSP) of 2021, coordinated primarily by the Office of the Prime Minister, with strong political commitment and involvement of UN agencies. However, limited community consultations during policy development and fragmented coordination among line ministries may hinder effective implementation and ownership, contributing to persistent malnutrition despite policy efforts. A comparative analysis with policies from Malawi, South Africa, and Zimbabwe shows similarities in multi-sectoral approaches but highlights gaps in implementation plans and gender equity focus. The review concludes that further research is needed to understand barriers and enablers to optimal child nutrition at the community level to enhance policy impact.