Building resilient food systems in Somalia: Integrated approaches for conflict and climate challenges.

This article examines Norwegian Church Aid's (NCA) three-decade evolution of agricultural interventions in Somalia, highlighting the shift from emergency relief to resilience-focused development amid conflict and climate vulnerability. It details how NCA's integration of climate-smart agriculture, renewable energy technologies, inclusive cooperatives, and gender-responsive programming has increased household crop yields by 68%, diversified incomes, and strengthened social cohesion. The study emphasizes the critical role of cooperatives in governance and market access, alongside women's empowerment in agricultural leadership and peacebuilding. It concludes that flexible, locally driven approaches, supported by investments in renewable infrastructure, tailored financing, and institutionalized cooperative models, are essential for sustainable food security and rural recovery in fragile contexts.