Female journalists in Pakistan's media landscape: Analysing challenges and resilience.

The article focuses on the challenges and resilience of female journalists in Pakistan's media industry, highlighting pervasive issues such as sexual harassment, gender discrimination, safety threats, and societal constraints rooted in colonial legacies and patriarchal norms. Using a mixed-method approach involving surveys and interviews with female journalists in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, the study reveals that a majority face harassment, physical threats, limited career advancement, and family pressures that hinder long-term career sustainability. Despite these barriers, gradual social changes driven by increased education, social media access, and evolving cultural attitudes suggest a slow but positive shift toward greater gender inclusion and empowerment in Pakistan's media sector. The research underscores the need for comprehensive legal protections, institutional reforms, and societal awareness to improve the professional environment and safety for women journalists.