Comparative insights and future directions of AI in the courts of the Baltic States.

This article analyzes the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the judicial systems of the Baltic States—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania—highlighting their efforts to modernize courts through digitization and AI integration. It details existing AI applications such as case management systems, anonymization of court rulings, automated speech recognition, and AI-driven public communication tools, noting Estonia’s leading role within the EU and ongoing developments in Latvia and Lithuania. The article also discusses regulatory frameworks shaped by EU and national policies, current AI training initiatives for judicial staff, and professionals’ cautious yet pragmatic expectations about AI’s future role, particularly in assisting clerical tasks rather than judicial decision-making. It concludes that while AI currently supports non-judicial functions, the Baltic States are poised to gradually expand AI use in courts, emphasizing the need for enhanced training and governance frameworks to uphold judicial values of fairness, transparency, and accountability.