Applying the Vegetation-Based Risk Index (VRI) to Mediterranean Coasts: Lessons from Maremma Park, Italy.

Ciccarelli, D.; Alessandrini, V.; Bertoni, D., and Rangel-Buitrago, N., 2026. Applying the vegetation-based risk index (VRI) to Mediterranean coasts: Lessons from Maremma Park, Italy. This study focuses on a comprehensive coastal risk index derived from geological, socioeconomic, cultural, and ecological parameters. The primary aim is to expand the application of a vegetation-based risk index (VRI) to a distinct geographical context along the Italian coastline, the Maremma Regional Park. By generating clear and intuitive maps of coastal risk, the VRI identifies the key variable categories that significantly affect risk assessment. Despite the protected status of the study area, the findings reveal elevated risk levels at specific sites, largely driven by coastal erosion and human-induced pressures. In the northern area of the park, recommendations include limiting urbanization and tourism-related activities, establishing controlled access zones, and fostering community involvement in conservation initiatives. In the southern area, stricter access regulations, active restoration of native vegetation, and regular environmental impact assessments are necessary to mitigate stress and ensure long-term ecological sustainability. The VRI proves to be a valuable tool for providing actionable insights into targeted coastal management, addressing specific threats, and assisting stakeholders in making informed decisions. This study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and research to adapt to changing environmental conditions and drive innovative, sustainable management solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]