Extraction of niobium in one step from tin slag by NH₄F‐HCl leaching process.

Niobium and tantalum are generally found together in nature in ores such as columbite, tantalite, and pyrochlore. These ores can occasionally associate with cassiterite, the tin ore. The pyrometallurgical processes of cassiterite produces a slag that can contain Nb and Ta from the associated ores. Cassiterite processing for tin extraction has generated a considerable quantity of residue. This work aims to study the extraction of Nb from tin slag while leaving the Ta solid. The process of separation consists in one step by leaching using a combined solution of HCl‐NH4F. The slag was characterized by X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and granulometric analysis. The effect of parameters of the leaching processes was investigated, such as the time of the process, HCl concentration, liquid‐to‐solid ratio, temperature, and salt‐to‐slag ratio. It was possible to recover 100% of Nb and 5% of Ta in liquor of leaching within 4 h, at 85°C, using an L:S ratio of 20:1, NH4F:slag ratio of 0.12 g, and HCl concentration equal to 9.79 mol/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]