Preparation and characterisation of tin bronze/steel composites by solid–liquid bonding with vibration.

This article focuses on the preparation of tin bronze (TB)/SAE1010 steel bimetallic composites using a solid–liquid bonding method enhanced by mechanical vibration. The study demonstrates that applying mechanical vibration, particularly at 30 Hz, refines the microstructure of the tin bronze, promotes interdiffusion between copper and iron atoms at the interface, and significantly improves the interfacial bonding strength and hardness of the composite. Finite element simulations reveal that vibration-induced forced convection and a more homogeneous temperature field contribute to microstructure optimization and enhanced heat transfer during solidification. The resulting composites exhibit stronger metallurgical bonding, with fracture occurring in the tin bronze rather than at the interface, indicating the effectiveness of mechanical vibration in producing reliable bimetallic materials.