Effect of Saffron Versus Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Treatment of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the comparative effectiveness of saffron, derived from Crocus sativus, versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating depression and anxiety in adults. Analyzing data from nine randomized controlled trials conducted in Iran, the study found no significant difference between saffron and SSRIs in reducing depressive (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.10; 95% CI: –0.09 to 0.29) or anxiety symptoms (SMD = 0.04; 95% CI: –0.22 to 0.29). Importantly, saffron was associated with fewer adverse events compared to SSRIs (risk difference: –0.06; 95% CI: –0.09 to –0.04). The evidence quality was rated moderate for efficacy outcomes and low for safety outcomes, with limitations including small sample sizes, short follow-up durations, and geographic concentration in Iranian populations. The findings suggest saffron could be a safe and effective alternative to SSRIs for depression and anxiety, though further research in diverse populations is recommended.