Correlations of workload with personality traits, perceived negative and positive behaviors, and organizational factors: A meta-analysis.

This article presents a meta-analysis of 106 Taiwanese studies (1999–2022) examining the correlations between excessive workload and four key factors: personality traits, perceived negative behaviors, perceived positive behaviors, and organizational factors. Excessive workload—defined as job demands exceeding employees' physical and mental capacities due to limited resources and time—was found to have a small but significant positive correlation with personality traits and organizational factors, a moderate positive correlation with perceived negative behaviors (e.g., job stress, burnout), and a small negative correlation with perceived positive behaviors (e.g., job satisfaction, well-being). The findings highlight the complex interplay between individual differences, workplace environment, and employee outcomes, emphasizing the need for workload management strategies tailored to personality and organizational contexts to enhance employee well-being and organizational effectiveness. Limitations include the exclusive focus on Taiwanese studies and cross-sectional data, suggesting future research should incorporate diverse cultural contexts, longitudinal designs, and qualitative methods for a more comprehensive understanding.