A Retrospective Closed Cohort Study on Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and its Impact on Patient Outcome.

This article focuses on the prevalence and impact of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among critically ill adult ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. In a retrospective single-center study of 447 patients, 30% developed VAP, with 21.6% having MDR-VAP predominantly caused by gram-negative bacteria, especially Acinetobacter species (50%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (46.9%). The study found a high VAP rate of 38.03 per 1000 ventilator days and reported that MDR-VAP was associated with increased morbidity, mortality (64.6%), and lower extubation rates compared to non-MDR VAP. COVID-19 patients exhibited a particularly high incidence of MDR-VAP, mainly due to Acinetobacter, with poor survival outcomes. The findings underscore the need for improved prevention, targeted antimicrobial strategies, and further multicenter research on resistance development in VAP pathogens.