Expanded mindful eating and environmental awareness: Impacts on food portion choices at restaurants.

This article investigates the relationship between dietary attitudes measured by the Expanded Mindful Eating Scale (EMES) and the practice of "ordering the appropriate amount of food" at restaurants among 1000 adults in Tokyo. The study found that higher scores in EMES subscales related to "health of the planet," "awareness and appreciation for food," and "hunger and satiety cues" were significantly associated with ordering appropriate portion sizes, independent of knowledge about portion sizes or health consciousness. Demographically, those who ordered appropriate amounts were more often female, younger, and more educated. The findings suggest that fostering dietary attitudes emphasizing environmental concern, food appreciation, and internal hunger awareness may encourage better portion control when eating out, although causality cannot be confirmed due to the study's cross-sectional design.