Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors Associated With Mold-Positive Blood Cultures: 10-Year Data From a French Prospective Surveillance Program (2012–2022).

This article focuses on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of mold-related fungemia based on a 10-year national surveillance study using the French RESSIF database. Among 80 clinically significant mold fungemia cases, Fusarium species accounted for 67.5%, predominantly the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC), followed by Lomentospora prolificans (10%) and other molds including Trichoderma, Aspergillus, and Mucorales. Most patients had hematological malignancies (70%), with many having undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) and presenting with cutaneous and pulmonary lesions. The overall 90-day mortality was 53%, with L. prolificans and Aspergillus fungemia and corticosteroid exposure identified as independent predictors of death. The study highlights heterogeneity in underlying conditions and clinical presentations across mold genera, emphasizing the importance of species-level identification to guide early management and improve prognosis.