Validity and Reliability of Four Instruments for E-Cigarette Dependence and Sensory Factors in E-Cigarette Use and Correlations Between These Measurements.

This article focuses on the psychometric evaluation of Turkish versions of four scales measuring e-cigarette dependence (ECD) and sensory expectations: the E-cigarette Fagerstrom Test of Cigarette Dependence (e-FTCD), the Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (PS-ECDI), the E-cigarette Dependence Scale (EDS), and the Sensory E-cigarette Expectancies Scale (SEES). Using data from 1,050 adult e-cigarette users in Türkiye, the study found that all four instruments demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability, with the PS-ECDI and EDS showing particularly strong internal consistency and comparability. Additionally, positive correlations were observed between sensory expectancies measured by the SEES and dependence levels, suggesting sensory factors may contribute to e-cigarette addiction. These findings support the use of these adapted scales for assessing e-cigarette dependence and sensory expectations among Turkish adults.