Researchers from Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Report Findings in Meningeal Neoplasms (A case report of meningeal carcinomatosis presenting as rapidly progressive dementia: cytological diagnosis with ancillary...).

This article focuses on a case report from Shenyang, People's Republic of China, detailing meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) presenting as rapidly progressive dementia (RPD), a rare initial manifestation of this severe complication of systemic cancers. The report describes a 56-year-old man whose diagnostic workup—including neurologic examination, brain MRI, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and FDG-PET/CT imaging—revealed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and malignant cells in CSF, with immunohistochemistry indicating adenocarcinoma of probable pulmonary origin despite no primary tumor being detected. The study emphasizes the critical role of CSF cytology combined with immunohistochemical profiling in diagnosing MC when neuroimaging is inconclusive and the primary tumor remains occult. This peer-reviewed research highlights diagnostic challenges in central nervous system neoplasms and contributes to understanding atypical presentations of meningeal neoplasms. [Extracted from the article]