From Understanding to Embodying: Moving Beyond Teaching for Understanding of the Spiritual Disciplines Through Using Psychological Theories of Motivation and Behavior.

This article focuses on integrating psychological theories into the teaching of Christian spiritual formation, defined as the Spirit-directed process of shaping followers of Jesus into His likeness through spiritual disciplines. It highlights two key theories—Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which emphasizes intrinsic motivation through autonomy, competence, relatedness, and purpose, and the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA), which links behavior to intention shaped by attitude, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control. The article analyzes Jesus' teaching of giving, prayer, and fasting in the Sermon on the Mount through these theoretical lenses, showing how His methods align with SDT and RAA components to foster embodiment of spiritual disciplines. Empirical research supporting the use of RAA in promoting meditation behavior is also presented, followed by practical suggestions for Christian leaders to apply these theories in lesson design to enhance disciples' engagement and spiritual growth.