Seizures in patients with kidney diseases: a neglected problem?

This article focuses on the occurrence, causes, and management of seizures in patients with kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), dialysis, renal transplantation (RT), and hypertension. Seizures in these patients may arise from general neurological conditions or kidney-specific factors such as uremic encephalopathy, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, and electrolyte imbalances like hyponatremia and hypocalcemia. The review highlights the challenges in selecting and dosing antiepileptic drugs due to altered renal clearance and potential drug interactions common in nephrology practice. It also discusses specific etiologies such as thrombotic microangiopathies, eclampsia, and complications related to immunosuppressive therapies in transplant recipients. Understanding these diverse causes and pharmacological considerations is essential for nephrologists to effectively manage seizures and prevent neurological complications in kidney patients.