The Family Quality of Life of Children With Specific Learning Disabilities, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Their Co-Occurrence: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This article examines the family quality of life (FQoL) among Hong Kong Chinese families caring for children diagnosed with Specific Learning Disabilities (SpLD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), or both conditions concurrently. The study found that children with co-occurring SpLD and ADHD exhibited higher and more stable executive function (EF) deficits across household income levels compared to those with SpLD alone or ADHD alone, with EF deficits mediating lower FQoL in domains of family interaction and parenting. Notably, higher household income moderated EF deficits in children with ADHD alone, reducing their impact on FQoL, but did not have the same effect for children with co-occurring conditions. These findings highlight the complex interplay between learning disabilities, executive dysfunction, and socioeconomic status, underscoring the need for tailored, family-centered support and interventions to enhance well-being in affected families.