Development of corneal contact lens materials and current clinical application of contact lenses: A review.

This article provides a comprehensive review of corneal contact lenses (CLs), focusing on their material properties, clinical applications, and associated complications. It outlines the evolution of CL materials from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to modern silicone hydrogels and rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses, emphasizing key characteristics such as oxygen permeability, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties essential for safe and comfortable wear. The clinical uses of CLs extend beyond vision correction and myopia control to include therapeutic roles in ocular surface diseases, drug delivery, biosensing, and cosmetic enhancement. The review also addresses complications related to CL wear, such as infection and inflammation, and highlights ongoing research into advanced materials and coatings designed to improve safety, comfort, and functionality.