A structured rubric for evaluating the many systemic variables that can contribute to parent–child contact problems (PCCP).

Parent–child contact problems (PCCP) are among the most vexing and intractable matters encountered in contemporary divorce and post‐divorce litigation. These complex and incendiary family dynamics can confound even the most experienced evaluators, investigators, and jurists, fueling opposing confirmational biases, and sparking a destructive tug‐of‐war between the aligned parent's allegations of abuse and the rejected parent's allegations of alienation. This article describes all such either/or binary arguments as misleading, contrary to the science, and harmful to children. Rather than cast alienation and estrangement as mutually exclusive alternatives, the systemically‐informed professional must consider more than a dozen mutually compatible practical exigencies and relationship dynamics which can converge to cause a child to align with one parent and resist or refuse contact with the other. Together, these variables are described as constituting an ecological model of the conflicted family system. A rubric is proposed to standardize evaluation across time, children, families, and jurisdictions, minimize bias, avoid premature closure, facilitate more comprehensive evaluations, optimize the efficacy of associated interventions, and invite more rigorous future research. Key points for the family court community: Human relationships are characterized by complex, chaotic, non‐linear dynamics.Parent–child contact problems (PCCP; aka., resist/refuse dynamics) are typically associated with multiple, convergent dynamics and practical exigencies.Evaluators and Courts must not be drawn into artificial and appealing binary either/or attributions of parent–child contact problems.Alienation, estrangement, and enmeshment are three mutually compatible, commonly co‐occurring dynamics associated with PCCP.A rubric is described that helps to standardize the evaluation of PCCP, minimize bias, avoid premature closure, and assure that the breadth of the child's experience is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]