A Mixed-Methods Approach to Investigating Family Influence on Motor Skill Development in Head Start Preschoolers.

This study examined how family environments influence the development of fundamental motor skills (FMS) in 219 preschoolers enrolled in Head Start programs, a U.S. federally funded initiative serving economically disadvantaged children. Using a mixed-methods approach, children's FMS were quantitatively assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development–3rd Edition, and qualitative interviews with parents explored family influences. Results showed that 56% of children demonstrated high FMS, linked to active parental and sibling physical activity habits, engaged parental involvement, and resource-rich home environments, while 44% with low FMS often faced barriers such as limited resources, time constraints, and lower prioritization of active play. The findings underscore the critical role of family social support, role modeling, and access to physical activity opportunities in fostering early childhood FMS development among Head Start preschoolers, suggesting that targeted family-based interventions could enhance motor skill acquisition and long-term health outcomes in this population.