Red Zangezur: Class, Race, and the End of the Armenian Civil War.

The article focuses on the ideological conflict surrounding the Armenian civil war (1917-1921) and its lasting impact on Armenian nationalism, particularly through the lens of the film *Zangezur* by Hamo Beknazaryan and the writings of Garegin Nzhdeh. It details how the civil war was characterized by a struggle between the nationalist Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) and Armenian Bolsheviks, culminating in a communist victory that reshaped Armenian society. The film *Zangezur* portrays the conflict as a class struggle rather than a national one, emphasizing the revolutionary efforts of the Armenian working class, while Nzhdeh's writings frame the civil war as a racial struggle against foreign invaders, reflecting his later alignment with fascist ideologies. The article highlights the ongoing debates within the Armenian diaspora regarding the interpretations of this historical period and the implications for contemporary Armenian identity and memory. [Extracted from the article]