Artificial intelligence's interpretation of the neuroanatomical aspect of Peter Paul Rubens's copy of "The Battle of Anghiari" by Leonardo da Vinci.

This article examines how artificial intelligence (AI), specifically the WOMBO Dream algorithm, interprets Peter Paul Rubens's 1603 copy of Leonardo da Vinci's "The Battle of Anghiari" from a neuroanatomical perspective. When prompted with the keyword "brain," the AI-generated image closely resembled human interpretations of the drawing as a representation of brain structures such as the hemisphere, cerebellum, and brain stem. The article situates this finding within broader research on hidden neuroanatomical imagery in Renaissance art, noting that several masterpieces from this period may contain concealed anatomical elements, though definitive evidence of artists' intentions is lacking. It suggests that AI could aid in refining such art historical interpretations and reflects on how Renaissance masters might have engaged with modern AI technologies.