Non-heroic DIY in the (new) no future: Reflections from the Basque Country.

The article examines the evolution of the Do It Yourself (DIY) ethos and practices in the Basque Country from the 1960s to the 2020s, emphasizing music's central role in social and cultural movements. Initially, DIY was characterized by a heroic, collective, and nationalist-inspired countercultural ethos linked to Basque identity and political resistance, notably through punk and Basque Radical Rock scenes. In contrast, contemporary DIY practices are more individualistic, shaped by digital technologies and trap music's "no-future" ethos, focusing on personal creativity, self-promotion, and commercial success rather than collective political engagement. This shift also reflects a broader separation between music and explicit political activism, with younger artists often rejecting the politicized frameworks of earlier generations while still engaging with Basque cultural elements in a fragmented, ironic, and provocative aesthetic.