Toward the transnational memory of Holodomor: The famine commemorative genre and the Ukrainian diaspora.

This article examines the emergence and evolution of the public memory of the Holodomor—the Great Famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine—through the history of its commemorations outside the Soviet Union from 1933 to 1983. It highlights two main commemorative genres: national mourning and anti-Soviet protest, which developed transnationally and were shaped by Ukrainian diaspora activists across multiple countries and decades. The study emphasizes that the 1983 Washington, D.C. rally was the culmination of a long process of memory formation influenced by earlier commemorations in 1933, 1953, and 1973, and that this memory work was deeply intertwined with political contexts, Soviet denial, and competing narratives, including those related to the Holocaust. The article argues for understanding the Holodomor's public memory as a multidirectional, path-dependent, and culturally complex phenomenon sustained by diverse diaspora communities rather than a static or solely nationalist construct.