Wing design optimization and stall analysis with Co-flow Jet active control.

This article focuses on the multi-objective aerodynamic optimization and flow control analysis of a three-dimensional Co-flow Jet (CFJ) wing based on the NACA6421 airfoil, employing the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and high-fidelity delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES). CFJ technology uses an embedded compressor to inject and suction air jets at the wing’s leading and trailing edges, achieving zero-net-mass-flux flow circulation that enhances lift, reduces drag, and improves stall characteristics without engine bleed air. The optimized CFJ wing (OCFJ6421) demonstrated significant aerodynamic improvements over the original CFJ6421 wing, including increased lift and reduced drag across various angles of attack, and effective stall recovery by increasing the jet momentum coefficient to suppress flow separation. The study highlights the balance between aerodynamic gains and compressor power consumption, confirming that CFJ technology combined with aerodynamic shape optimization can enhance aircraft performance throughout the flight envelope.