Alexander Bogdanov's tektology, anticipating the evolution of social systems control.

The article substantiates an important contribution of Alexander Bogdanov's monograph, 'Tektologia,' in the formation and development of fields of knowledge related to the control and organization of social systems. The purpose of this paper is to prove that Bogdanov's ideas anticipated the trends in the development of the problems of control and organization of social systems—the trends that were developing under the influence of the philosophical foundations of scientific rationality (classical, non‐classical and post‐non‐classical), as well as the cybernetics of the first, second and third orders. Within the framework of our study, the individual aspects related to the trends in the development of control issues are considered separately. Our results suggest that Bogdanov's ideas lay in foundation of contemporary concepts associated with leaving behind the opposition of 'subject–object' in control science and the transition to the consideration of equal relations between various active elements of systems and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]