NATO in the multi-order world.

The article examines NATO's resilience over its 75-year history, emphasizing its unique dual structure as both a military alliance and a community of shared liberal values. It argues that recent geopolitical shifts—especially Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the rise of China—have prompted NATO to prioritize its military role, but that NATO's understanding of the evolving global order is incomplete. The author distinguishes between the "liberal international order" (LIO), which is value-based and bounded, and the broader "global rules-based order" (GRBO), which is unbounded and more state-centric, urging NATO to develop distinct policies for relations within the LIO and between different international orders in a newly emerging multi-order world. The article highlights internal challenges within NATO, including rising illiberal nationalism among some member states, which threaten the alliance's cohesion and its ability to uphold liberal values, potentially limiting NATO's adaptability to future global complexities beyond countering the Russian threat.