From the economic to the pandemic crisis: The impact upon the EU constitutional architecture—Introduction to the Symposium.

This article focuses on the constitutional evolution of the European Union (EU) as shaped by successive crises, including the euro crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, Brexit, rule-of-law challenges, and geopolitical conflicts. It examines how these crises have prompted significant institutional reforms and governance innovations—such as the NextGenerationEU framework and rule of law conditionality—without formal Treaty revisions, thereby reshaping the balance of power among EU institutions, member states, and regions. The analysis highlights the evolving roles of economic governance, regional participation, judicial oversight, and fiscal conditionality in reinforcing the EU’s constitutional identity and resilience. The article underscores the EU’s capacity to adapt and integrate new governance mechanisms in response to complex, overlapping crises, marking a transformative phase in the European integration process.