Aerodynamic forces and flows around a wall-mounted body in typhoon boundary layers.

This article systematically investigates the aerodynamic forces and flow dynamics around finite wall-mounted square cylinders (FWMCs) under both normal wind and typhoon boundary layers (BLs) using wall-resolved large-eddy simulation (LES) at a high Reynolds number of 3.9 × 10^4. The study reveals that typhoon BLs, characterized by greater turbulence intensity and integral length scales, increase aerodynamic forces and induce flow reattachment on the cylinder sides, which enhances the spatial correlation of Kármán vortices and reduces downwash effects, thereby strengthening the two-dimensional flow characteristics. Compared to normal wind BLs, vortex structures in the wake under typhoon conditions diminish more rapidly, with smaller and weaker dipole vortices due to disrupted coherent shedding processes, resulting in more complex and irregular wake dynamics. These findings improve understanding of FWMC behavior under extreme wind conditions, providing insights relevant to the design and safety assessment of structures exposed to typhoon winds.