The technical-tactical profile of soccer goalkeepers: The impact of age and competitive level.

The article focuses on analyzing the technical-tactical requirements profile of soccer goalkeepers and how age and competitive level influence these demands. By examining 213 league matches across youth (U17, U19), semi-professional (U23), and professional levels in Germany, the study found that goalkeeper actions consistently comprised approximately 73–77% distribution (offensive play), 13–15% space defense, and 10–12% goal defense, regardless of age or performance level. The findings highlight the increasing importance of foot skills and playing under pressure, recommending early integration of distribution-focused training and progressive emphasis on push-off dives and defensive techniques as goalkeepers mature. The study underscores the similarity in technical-tactical profiles across age groups and competitive levels, suggesting tailored training approaches that evolve with the goalkeeper's development.