The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: A Gramscian re-examination.

This article critically examines the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (MB) through a Gramscian framework, challenging the view that the MB functioned as a fully counterhegemonic force. While the MB's comprehensive Islamic worldview, cohesive organizational structure, and engagement in a cultural "war of position" have been likened to Gramsci's revolutionary methodology, the article argues that the MB ultimately failed to confront state coercion effectively, suffered intellectual stagnation, and exhibited passive revolutionary and neoliberal tendencies. These limitations, alongside its inability to implement effective governance during its brief rule (2012–2013), contributed to its downfall, which was accelerated but not solely caused by the 2013 military coup. The article concludes that despite the MB's failure to instigate transformative social change, future movements should learn from these shortcomings and continue to challenge hegemonic power using nuanced, interconnected strategies informed by Gramscian analysis.