Is that intertext 'singing'?! 'Plultiplied' multivoicedness in Joyce's Ulysses and its amplification in Italian (re)translations: A case study.

Although Mikhail Bakhtin never used the term intertextuality in any of his writings, the dialogic concept that every utterance echoes other utterances and, analogously, every text also echoes other texts, provided the basis for Kristeva's (1966) theory of intertextuality and has proved to be of fundamental importance for the study of literature ever since. The presence of intertextual elements in a literary text (such as citations of and allusions to other literary works) always represents a challenge to the translator. In this article we explore different types of intertextuality in James Joyce's Ulysses. During our analysis, we describe how the source text, the first Italian translation, and no less than six subsequent retranslations interact with one another from a dialogic perspective, in the presence of such elements. Because of the abundance of intertextuality, stylistic and linguistic variety, and multivoicedness, Joyce's masterpiece is a well-known example of apolyphonic novel. While analyzing dialogic interactions taking place within the "macrotext"36 constituted by the source text and its Italian (re)translations, we therefore also discuss the effects generated by the way in which intertextuality is rendered in (re)translation. The specific ways in which translations recreate the original's multivoicedness orient the dialogic experience of the recipients of the (re)translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]