Lights, Camera, Activism: Recognition Strategies in Hollywood and Comedy.

This article examines how professional creatives in Hollywood television production and stand-up comedy engage in "recognition work"—strategies aimed at affirming the positive qualities and broadening the social recognition of historically excluded groups—within the context of industry constraints. Drawing on seventy in-depth interviews, the study identifies seven distinct recognition strategies categorized into Narrative Strategies (sparking thoughts and dialogue, reflecting reality, Trojan Horse, emotional modulation) and Power Strategies (see it to be it, redistributing power, creative composition). Creatives perceive significant constraints from industry executives and gatekeepers, job demands, and audience expectations, which shape how they pursue social goals through their work. Despite these challenges, many believe their micro-level narrative efforts cumulatively contribute to broader societal change, positioning their creative roles as a form of occupational activism that blends expressive and exemplary activism. The study highlights ongoing tensions within these fields regarding the role of entertainment in social change and calls for further research on the effectiveness and sustainability of diversity initiatives and recognition strategies in cultural industries.