From Franco to Vox: The revival of necropolitical Francoist rhetoric in the contemporary Spanish far right.

This article analyzes the resurgence of racist, patriarchal, and ethnonationalist ideologies in contemporary Spain, focusing on how far-right parties, particularly Vox, have reactivated necropolitical tropes rooted in Francoist rhetoric to advance their political agendas. It explores the complex relationship between Spain's authoritarian past and current far-right discourse, highlighting three key ideological frameworks: the narrative of the "anti-Spain" or "enemies of Spain," the medieval myth of the Reconquista, and anti-communism. Drawing on theories of necropolitics, the article argues that these parties employ exclusionary and violent logics reminiscent of Francoism, adapted to present-day systemic crises and neoliberal capitalism. The study concludes that while contemporary far-right movements differ from historical fascism, they share significant ideological continuities and pose challenges to democratic freedoms in Spain and beyond.