Unleashed, Unbridled, and Unchained: Dogs and Horses During the Civil War and Reconstruction Era.

The article explains how dogs and horses shaped military outcomes and sustained efforts of the Confederacy during the Civil War and Reconstruction Era and disrupted interspecies power dynamics and redefined emancipation of enslaved persons. It discusses the absorption of animals into the Confederate military and the subversive power of these animals to fight against Black regiments, stem self-emancipations and reinforce terror, resilience, subjugation, freedom, oppression and resistance.