From Dadaab Camp to Kismayo City: A Call for Local Evidence to Inform Durable Solutions.

The article examines how humanitarian and development aid spillover effects, particularly through hybrid settlements, can facilitate durable solutions to displacement by promoting local integration and return/reintegration in displacement-affected communities. Focusing on the Dadaab Refugee Camp in Kenya and Kismayo City in Somalia, it highlights how aid investments have extended beyond camp boundaries to influence economic, social, cultural, and political life, benefiting both displaced and host populations. The study underscores the potential of hybrid settlements to reduce aid dependency and foster self-sustainability, while noting challenges such as political tensions, security concerns, and land tenure issues. It calls for further research into the enabling and limiting factors of spillover effects to better harness them for durable displacement solutions in similar contexts.