WHAT ZOHRAN CAN LEARN FROM THE SEWER SOCIALISTS: From Milwaukee's sewer socialists to La Guardia's New Deal metropolis, urban reformers changed their cities by forging alliances beyond local power.

The article examines how Zohran Mamdani's election as New York's socialist mayor will require strategic cooperation with higher levels of government, drawing lessons from Milwaukee's sewer socialists and Fiorello La Guardia. Topics include the need for alliances with state and federal officials, the historical success of Socialist-progressive coalitions in Wisconsin; and the limits of municipal power under hostile administrations.