Mirandese studies: Language, literature, landscape and pedagogy.

This article focuses on the linguistic vitality, historical development, and revitalization efforts of Mirandese, a minority language spoken in north-eastern Portugal that descends from the medieval Astur-Leonese Romance variety. Once stable within a diglossic framework alongside Portuguese and Spanish, Mirandese faced endangerment in the mid-twentieth century due to social stigma and Portuguese language pressure, leading to disrupted intergenerational transmission. Revitalization measures since the 1980s—including its introduction into local schools, the establishment of an orthographic norm, and official recognition by the Portuguese Parliament in 1999—have increased its symbolic value, expanded its written corpus, and attracted new speakers, including diaspora descendants. The article also highlights recent scholarly interest in Mirandese’s linguistic identity, literary heritage, public visibility, and pedagogical challenges, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and institutional support to sustain the language’s future vitality.