Disinformation and misinterpretation: Deconstructing the politics of denialism on social media in Pakistan through Islamic feminism.

The article examines how social media disinformation and misinterpretations of Islamic teachings undermine feminist activism and gender equality efforts for Muslim women in Pakistan. It argues that anti-feminist posts and memes propagate patriarchal readings of the Qur'an and Hadith, denying feminism by framing it as un-Islamic and perpetuating epistemic violence through what the authors term "platformed visual feminist denialism." Using Islamic feminist hermeneutics, the study deconstructs selected social media content to reveal how patriarchal interpretations distort sacred texts, justify gender hierarchies, and marginalize feminist perspectives within Pakistan's conservative religious and cultural context. The article highlights the need for counter-narratives grounded in progressive Islamic interpretations to challenge disinformation and support feminist discourse in digital and religious spaces.