Round-up of national decisions on online intermediaries and platforms 2023.

The article focuses on significant 2023 judicial rulings concerning the liability and enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights involving online intermediaries and platforms across several countries, with an emphasis on copyright issues. It reviews key decisions from Australia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain, highlighting how courts interpret platform liability, safe harbour provisions, and enforcement mechanisms under national and European Union (EU) law, including Directive 2019/790 and the Digital Services Act (Regulation 2022/2065). Notable cases include Germany's requirement for clear, unequivocal infringement notices to trigger platform liability; Italy's recognition of "active hosting" platforms' responsibility for user-uploaded infringing content; the Netherlands' affirmation of mere conduit and hosting safe harbours for usenet services; and Spain's use of dynamic blocking injunctions against infringing platforms. The article also addresses enforcement aspects such as the role of licensing terms in Australia and the balancing of privacy and enforcement interests in the Netherlands, illustrating evolving judicial approaches to intermediary liability and copyright enforcement in the digital environment.