Perspectives on Vigilantism against Migrants in South Africa.

The article focuses on the phenomenon of vigilantism against migrants in South Africa, examining its legality, appropriateness, and sustainability. It situates the rise of anti-migrant vigilantism within broader socio-economic challenges such as unemployment, poverty, and inequality, as well as political and social tensions exacerbated by groups like Operation Dudula and the All Truck Drivers Foundation. Using the Vigilante Rituals Theory and Social Contract Theory, the study highlights that such vigilantism operates outside constitutional and legal frameworks, violating human rights and undermining the rule of law. The article underscores that while frustrations over ineffective policing and immigration enforcement partly drive vigilantism, it remains illegal and counterproductive, threatening social cohesion and public safety. It concludes with recommendations for addressing root causes through improved governance, social integration, and enforcement of laws to prevent further escalation of anti-migrant violence.