The Council of Europe's Action Addressing Russia's Aggression Against Ukraine and Impunity.

The article focuses on the Council of Europe’s (CoE) institutional responses to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, including the establishment of the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine and the International Claims Commission for Ukraine. The Special Tribunal, created through a bilateral treaty between the CoE and Ukraine, aims to prosecute individuals bearing the greatest responsibility for the crime of aggression, filling a jurisdictional gap left by the International Criminal Court. The International Claims Commission, established by a multilateral CoE Convention, is designed to assess and award compensation for damages caused by Russia’s internationally wrongful acts, although Russia’s participation remains uncertain. The article also highlights the complementary roles of other international bodies, such as the ICC and the UN Human Rights Council, in addressing accountability for the conflict. Additionally, it references an OSCE report investigating alleged war crimes against Ukrainian prisoners of war by Russian forces.