The Poseidon Principles, the Paris Agreement, Retro-Fits, Zero Carbon Emission Vessels, Zero Carbon Charter Parties, and EU ETS.

This article focuses on global frameworks, technological advancements, and regulatory measures addressing climate change and decarbonization in the maritime industry. It examines the Paris Agreement, an international treaty aiming to limit global temperature rise and achieve net zero emissions, and the Poseidon Principles, a sector-specific framework for financial institutions to assess and disclose the climate alignment of their shipping portfolios. The article also discusses vessel retrofitting and zero-emission vessels as technological responses to reduce maritime emissions, alongside regulatory developments such as the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI), the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII), and the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which impose new operational and contractual obligations on shipowners and charterers. These evolving frameworks necessitate adjustments in maritime contracts, including charterparties, to allocate responsibilities and risks related to emissions compliance and promote collaboration among stakeholders.