Facing the Enemy: Mapping Military Fortifications in the Hinterland of Moesia Inferior. The Results of GIS Modelling.

This article focuses on the spatial distribution, strategic roles, and hierarchical organization of Roman military fortifications in the hinterland of Moesia Inferior, a Roman frontier province along the Lower Danube. Utilizing archaeological data, epigraphic sources, and Geographic Information System (GIS) modeling, it identifies and categorizes 79 forts, 47 fortlets, 16 burgi, praesidia, towers, and mansiones, demonstrating their close association with Roman roads, mountain passes, and key economic zones. The study reveals a layered defensive system where forts primarily guarded the Danube frontier, while smaller installations like praesidia and burgi monitored internal movement, especially along mountain passes and strategic routes, reflecting concerns over both external invasions and internal control. Chronological analysis indicates intensified fortification activity during the 2nd–3rd centuries AD, corresponding to heightened military and logistical needs. Overall, the research proposes a nuanced framework for understanding Roman military logistics and internal surveillance within a frontier province under continuous pressure.