Probing vibrational eigenmodes in diatom frustules via combined in silico computational study and atomic force microscopy experimentation.

This article focuses on the investigation of the resonance frequency characteristics of diatom frustules, the silica exoskeletons of single-celled algae, combining computational modeling with atomic force microscopy (AFM) experimental validation. Using finite-element analysis via COMSOL Multiphysics, the study predicted eigenfrequencies in the 1–8 MHz range for the centric diatom Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis, which were confirmed experimentally through thermal vibration spectra and mechanical excitation detected by AFM. The findings highlight the potential of diatom frustules as biomimetic prototypes or direct components for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), due to their unique mechanical properties, high-quality resonance oscillations, and structural features. The research underscores the importance of understanding frustule vibrational modes for designing sensitive, efficient MEMS devices and suggests future directions including frustule classification, integration techniques, and material modifications to optimize their application in nanotechnology and sensing.