(Invited) Surface Engineering of Biomaterials for Combating Bacterial Adhesion.

Prevention of bacterial infections in medical devices and prosthetic implants is critical for the prevention of surgical complications. Bacterial adhesion onto surfaces is a key process that initiates colonization, ultimately leading to chronic infections. This minireview highlights key developments in surface engineering approaches, including the use of poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG and zwitterionic polymers to impart anti-adhesive and nonfouling properties to biomaterials. Surface modifications including terminal hydroxyl, amino and sulfonate groups in PEG, as well as modifications with poly(sulfur ylides), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) or pSBMA and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) or pCBMA in zwitterionic polymers will be discussed. We discuss the efficacy of these surfaces in preventing adhesion of bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). Additionally, we discuss the efficacy of surface-engineered biomaterials in antimicrobial wound dressing applications. Finally, we discuss how emerging surface engineering strategies can prevent bacterial adhesion and ensuing infections, resulting in improved clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]