Aristotle on the purpose of our language and its relation to our ultra-sociality.

This article examines Aristotle's view on the relationship between human language (logos) and human ultra-sociality, arguing that while several animal species exhibit natural sociality (physei), human sociality is distinctively greater because it is achieved and maintained through cooperative interaction mediated by language. Aristotle holds that the purpose (telos) of human speech is not merely to express pleasure or pain but to communicate concepts of justice and injustice, enabling the formation and sustenance of communities such as households (oikia) and city-states (polis). Human language, characterized by its conventional and rational nature, allows individuals to transcend immediate perceptions and engage in public deliberation, thereby fostering social relations grounded in justice and the common good. The article emphasizes that, for Aristotle, this rational speech is a social tool essential to human flourishing (eudaimonia) and the development of a political community, distinguishing humans as the most social animal species.